Neutralizing Antibodies and Antimicrobial Peptides Targeting S Protein Neutralizing antibodies are induced by antigens to protect cells from pathogen infection. Most neutralizing antibodies function at the earliest steps of viral infection through blocking interaction of the virus with cellular receptors and prevent entry into host cells. It has been reported that RBD of S protein efficiently elicits neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV by blocking viral entry at the binding step.
Andes Virus (ANDV), a type of orthohantavirus, belongs to the family Hantaviridae which consists of 5 genera: bunyavirus, phlebovirus, nairovirus, tospovirus, and hantavirus. This virus was first found in rodent at Andes mountains of Chile and Argentina. ANDV infection is a leading cause of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS), hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome/failure (HFRS). ANDV maintains persistent apathogenic infections in rodents and is easily transmitted to humans mainly through inhalation of aerosolized rodent excreta or rodent bites, leading to the occurrence of ANDV-infected diseases. Besides, ANDV is the only hantavirus that is capable of person-to-person transmission.
LAG-3 inhibitor plays an important role in T cell proliferation and activation as a negative regulator of these processes. Along with other inhibitory receptors, LAG-3 helps to keep cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in an exhausted state during highly inflammatory environments such as a chronic viral infection. LAG-3 has also been implicated in memory T cell expansion, Treg function, and the activation and maturation of dendritic cells.
Normally, checkpoint inhibitors have to be tested for immuno-modulatory activities using functional assays. Following stimulation, execution of functional assays is performed, such as T cell proliferation assay, cytokine production assay, and T cell cytotoxicity assay. These functional assays are offered in a high throughput method so multiple molecules and conditions can be incorporated. Tailored immune checkpoint assay is also available. In that case, a unique reporter cell line could also be used to determine if your inhibitor can restore immune cell function.
With our world-leading technology platforms and professional experts at antibody development, Creative Biolabs has perfected our technical pipelines in immune checkpoint antibody development. Our comprehensive service portfolio includes polyclonal antibody discovery and development, monoclonal antibody (mAb) discovery and development, antibody fragment discovery and development, antibody characterization, antibody engineering and optimization, antibody production, and manufacture. We will share our knowledge and passion for immune checkpoint antibody development to facilitate our customers' research and project development.
Numerous cell lines, including Vero and HeLa cells, can isolate orthopox viruses. The method of identification has been subcultured to chick chorioallantoic membrane cells, although more recent techniques, including NAA, are being employed more and more for end-point assessment. Creative Biolabs has been keeping a close eye on the development of the epidemic situation. The cell culture scientists at Creative Biolabs are focused on optimizing all characteristics unique to your cell lines in order to manufacture cell lines effectively and in accordance with your specifications. Learn more about monkeypox cell lines.
With years of experience, Creative Biolabs can offer an extensive range of recombinant proteins and peptides including orthopoxviruses family, parapoxviruses family, molluscipoxviruses family, yatapoxviruses family, capripoxviruses family, suipoxviruses family, leporipoxviruses family and avipoxviruses family. Creative Biolabs is committed to providing highly customized comprehensive solutions with the best quality to advance your projects. Learn more about monkeypox peptides.
With years of experience, Creative Biolabs developed a comprehensive list of Monkeypox related products to support the development of antibody and other therapeutics, including recombinant proteins and peptides, antibodies, plasmids, PCR primers and probes, cell lines, inhibitors, virus like particles and pseudoviruses and detection kits.
RORγt plays an essential role in establishing and maintaining adaptive immune responses by enabling the formation of secondary and tertiary lymphoid organs and by regulating thymic T cell development and TH17 cell differentiation. The requirement of RORγt for the development of several innate lymphoid cells underscores its importance in innate immunity as well. Moreover, a strong association with autoimmunity makes RORγt an important drug target.
There are four PDGF family members: PDGF-A, PDGF-B, PDGF-C, and PDGF-D. PDGFs exert their biological effects through two PDGF receptor tyrosine kinases, PDGFR-a and PDGFR-b, which can form homo- or heterodimers. Traditionally, PDGFs are considered to be potent mitogens for cells of mesenchymal origin, such as fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and glial cells.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and non-specific inflammatory disease of the intestine, including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and its etiology remains unclear. In recent years, with changes in people's living environment and dietary habits, and the improvement of diagnostic levels, the incidence of IBD worldwide has been increasing rapidly, placing pressure on the medical system, and making the situation more severe. Learn more about probiotics in IBD.
Genomics revolves around the examination of genomes in an organism or a collection of creatures. The analysis offers assistance in identifying Live biotherapeutic product (LBP) platforms housing colonization-facilitating gene functions and establishing relationships between the LBP and gut symbiotes. The in-silico scrutiny of the Bifidobacterium bifidum genome divulged genes that validate for glycosyl hydrolases and ABC-type transporters intrinsic to bacteria that colonize mucus. Learn more about microbial genomics.
Emulsion technology has been utilized extensively in the pharmaceutical industry. Pharmaceutical microemulsions have shown a great potential in drug delivery across transdermal or topical applications. Creative Biolabs is fully competent and dedicated to providing a series of liposome development platforms. In addition, we offer customized services of microemulsion for drug delivery. With years of experience and high-end technologies, we provide products and custom services to help you get a milestone development in your drug delivery project.
Liposome is a recognized pharmaceutical formulation technology, which can be administered locally, orally, or through the lung or parenteral route. Since we have mastered a series of liposome preparation methods, Creative Biolabs, together with our experienced scientific team, is confident to produce a variety of high-quality liposomes to meet the delivery of different drugs. Learn more details about our Liposomal formulation development services.
Lipid particulate system is a tremendously potential drug delivery system that has focused on growing awareness across the globe for its delivery performance improvement, drug efficacy promote and therapeutic application. These different kinds of lipid particulates may be distinguished in structures, sizes, even drug delivery mechanisms, but they do share some common features especially advantages, such as:
Mostly particulate structures with a drug containing core and lipids shell The greater carrying capacity for drugs and higher stability compared with vesicular systems Increase the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs Decrease the toxicity and side effects of drugs by altering the biodistribution of the drug away from sensitive organs Achievements in targeted drug controlled release
Learn more about lipid particulate system-based drug delivery.
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are novel spherical vesicles with core-shell nanostructure. A typical LNP usually has a specially designed ionizable lipid component, which is positively charged at low pH (for RNA complexation) and neutral at physiological pH (reducing potential toxic effects compared with cationic liposomes). Due to their special characteristics and small size (~100 nm), LNPs could be uptake by cells via endocytosis and then release the cargo into the cytoplasm by low pH mediated endosomal escape. Thus, the LNPs possess additional advantages over the traditional lipid-based carriers such as improved nucleic acid encapsulation and transfection efficiency, better penetration capacity, and decreased cytotoxicity.
A successful development of immune checkpoint inhibitors cannot be achieved overnight. To test the immunomodulatory activities of checkpoint inhibitors, cytokine production/release of the T-cells assay is also necessary. As an industry-leading CRO company, Creative Biolabs has focused on immune checkpoint assay for more than ten years. We have a comprehensive technology platform to satisfy customers' different requirements. With advanced foundations and an excellent expert team, we can provide high-quality cytokine release assay to global clients.
Brain organoid, also known as a cerebral organoid, refers to an artificial miniature organ that resembles the brain in vitro. In general, brain organoids are generated from pluripotent stem cells using a three-dimensional rotational bioreactor. The human brain is an extremely complex system that contains a variety of neuron types. In this case, human brain study, especially neurodegenerative diseases, becomes extremely difficult. Compared with rodent animal models, brain organoids present more advanced cell composition, maturation, and tissue architecture, which are closer to the human brain. In summary, brain organoids play important roles in neurological research and disease modeling.
Polarization of macrophages Responding to different microenvironments, primary macrophages (M0) can be polarized toward pro-inflammatory (M1) or anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotypes. M1 polarization is induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or the pro-inflammatory cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and is therefore generally associated with the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases.
In response to different microenvironments, such as microbial signals, tissue damage, cytokines and metabolic products, macrophages from healthy tissues can undergo reprogramming. Creative Biolabs has organized a staff of outstanding scientists who have engaged in the research of macrophage reprogramming for many years, Our seasoned scientists have developed several efficient strategies for macrophage reprogramming, including genes for macrophage reprogramming.